Lung Cancer Research Project Review - 533 Words

Introduction In order to fulfill the requirements of the assigned project, our group performed research related tasks. Research is ultimately about assigning facts, figures and arguments to larger ideas for practical reasons that hopefully produce more benefits than not. Our groups topic deals with the disease of lung cancer. In our quest to learn more about this reality of life, it became necessary to implement the research process to further our knowledge and complete the necessary requirements of this project. Our groups search began with a division of labor to more efficiently utilize our resources. The lung cancer topic was chosen due to the personal and societal impacts this disease produces. Finding balanced and accurate sources to build our case obviously and necessarily became an important priority. Additionally the topic of lung cancer is very broad and reaching, creating a problem of scope for this particular problem. It became evident that in order to find useful answers in this real m meant for us to ask useful questions. All the data and inference in the world does not assist the researcher unless it is applied in a formula that expresses the necessary dialogues reflecting the intent of those who are utilizing such information. After brainstorming sessions and the external dialogue that followed, our group derived three distinct areas of research important to our brand of research. These areas were molded into the following research questions: What areShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On National Lung Cancer Partnership1425 Words   |  6 PagesAcademic research on how to improve health of humans has increased over time for treatments of various diseases and virus infections. In particular, there has been a surge in the people being diagnosed with cancer. The global scourge comes in some ways and research has shown that early detection can limit its spread in humans and work towards the cure. In particular, three (3) organizations are renowned to support the research. These organization offer grants to academic research personnel, mostRead MoreIntroduction to Oncology Care Program Essay example1220 Words   |  5 PagesAnnual Report of the Oncology Care Program Course Project HIT 225 April 17, 2011 ? Introduction to Oncology Care Program Cancer is a group of diseases that affect nearly every tissue or organ in the human body, and is the second leading cause of death in the United States. In 2007, lung cancer was the leading cause of death among males and females in Marin County, California (Marin Health Human Services, 2007). Located in Marin County, Sunshine Hospital is a 235-bed teaching facilityRead MoreNegative Effects Of Smoking1719 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the Center for Disease Control (CDC), there are currently 40 million adult smokers in the U.S. (CDC, 2017), and 763,960 of these residents are from Massachusetts (DPH, 2014). Smoking can cause various kinds of cancer such as those of the cervix, stomach, esophagus, lungs and the bladder (Cio et al., 2014). Besides, smoking predisposes individuals to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) which involves health complications in the bronchi resulting in various diseases such as emphysemaRead MoreLung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (liver) and gastric cancer are three of the main causes of1600 Words   |  7 PagesLung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (liver) and gastric cancer are three of the main causes of cancer deaths in the Asian community. Philanthropic organizations are nonprofit nongovernmental entities that use donations to aid the society in some way. The Asian Cancer Research Group is an independent, not-for-profit company that benefits the society and advocates Christianity. The goal of the Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG) is to research and improve the treatments for the most common typesRead MoreDevelopment Of Drugs With High Pote ncy And Inhibitory Activity1618 Words   |  7 Pages Summary of research plan Development of drugs with high potency and inhibitory activity against specific activating mutation, while showing significantly less activity against wild type mutations, made testing specific sensitizing mutation necessary. (1) (EGFR) T790M mutation a successful example of a biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment with Osimertinib that gained a wide acceptance in clinical practice in Europe and US (), One question that needs to be asked, however, isRead MoreUsing The Experimental Or Quasi Experimental Method With Variables As Well As The Correlational Method1148 Words   |  5 Pageshave research and statistics backgrounds. From all the topics and concepts of research and evaluating reports they were beneficial, straightforward, and thought-provoking. There are numerous topics from research problem, quantitative, qualitative, statistics, and sampling methods that will useful to health professionals now and in the future. The next section of this paper will menti on of a possible research topic that will be a stepping-stone and guide for the comprehensive research project. ThisRead MoreEffects Of Marijuana Abuse On The Health Of Teens Aged 13-19 Essay1684 Words   |  7 PagesMethodology 5 5. Data Search and Data Sources 7 6. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria 7 7. Anti-oppressive Practices and Ethical Considerations 7 8. Project Outline 8 9. Time Scale 8 References 10 1. RATIONALE According to Plant (2016) 36% of teenagers in the UK have taken illegal drugs at some point of their life. According to European School of Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs abuse (2016) teenagers in Britain are more likely to misuse drugs as compared to youngsters in Europe. This surveyRead MoreCancers Presence in the World1598 Words   |  6 PagesCancer represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for 8.2 million deaths in 2012. According to the last World Health Organization report, It reveals that it is expected that the global burden of cancer will rise from an estimated 14 million new cases per year in 2012 to 22 within the next two decades because of the aging and growth of the world population and an increasing adoption of cancer-causing behaviors. Lung, liver, stomach, colorectal and breast cancersRead MoreDesign Interventional Models For Primary Care Providers1619 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Over the years from proven evidence-based research, there is a need for intervention as primary care physicians attempt to address the issue of adult obesity. Obesity can be linked to many adverse health outcomes such as: diabetes, hypertension and stroke as suggested by the National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute (2012). The purpose of this project is to design interventional models for primary care providers to implement into a wellness program. The program includes increased knowledgeRead MoreEpidemiology: Study Notes1775 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Part 1 Cofounding Factors Cofounding factors are extraneous variables that correlate either positively or negatively with both eh dependent and independent variable within a study. Any research method and analysis must account for these variables through the actual design of the study or through statistical means that accounts for them. Operational cofound is one that can occur in both experimental and nonexperimental design when a measure for one variable inadvertently measures something else

Realism During the 1994 Rwanda Genocide - 1215 Words

Realism is one of the oldest and most popular theories in International Relations. It offers a perspective about competition and power, and can be used to explain the actions between states. An example of realism is the U.S. reaction – or lack thereof – during the 1994 Rwandan genocide. All branches of realism share some central tenets. Realists believe that the world exists in a state of anarchy. Since there is not a world government to keep states from attacking each other, or to punish them when they do, it becomes very important for each government to be able to protect itself and ensure its survival. It is also why states are considered the most important actors in realism. Due to the anarchy, the world operates†¦show more content†¦On May 25, 1994, U.S. president, Bill Clinton, wrote in a letter to Representative Harry Johnston, â€Å"The White House issued a strong public statement calling for the Rwandan Army and the Rwandan Patriotic Front to do every thing in their power to end the violence immediately. This followed an earlier statement by me calling for a cease-fire and the cessation of the killings† (qtd. in Baldauf). It seems that by calling out those engaged in the conflict, the U.S. took the responsibility from themselves and took no further action. In the post-Cold War era, it is not surprising that most other countries followed the lead of the U.S. and also chose to not take any significant action Realists assume that the end goal of all states is to become more powerful. When looking at the situation from the perspective of a realist, one must note that the U.S. would not have gained any power from stopping the genocide. Rwanda was and is not a threat to the power of the U.S, nor can it add to the power of the U.S. Had the genocide taken place in a larger and more influential state, the U.S. may have reacted very differently because of how it affected the balance of power in the world. A realist might argue that the U.S. would have lost power by involving themselves with the crisis in Rwanda. The U.S. often has troops divided into different states for reasons that support national interest, and sending them to Rwanda would have only further divided them. It would have beenShow MoreRelatedHumanitarian Intervention Essay1198 Words   |  5 Pagesprotect the basic human rights of civilians during civil wars and during crime against humanity. (Humanitarian, 2008) Realism explains that humanitarian intervention came about during the genocide in Bosnia but not in Rwanda because even though it might have been the correct moral action to take, intervention in Rwanda was not in the national interest of other states. Also, there was no humanitarian intervention in the Rwanda genocide because the genocide was not explicitly known about. (HintjensRead MoreThe Rwanda Of The Rwandan Defence Force904 Words   |  4 Pageswars; terrorism; ethnic violence and a lack of proper governance. Each conflict has its own individual history, perpetrators, victims and bystanders with difficult answers on how to solve them. The post-genocide nation of Rwanda witnessed one of the most horrific events a nation could experience, genocide. However, it has rebuilt itself to become an example nation for transitional justice, political stability and economic development. Rwanda’s military capabilities within the institute of the RwandanRead MoreNational Interest And Sovereignty Paper Essay1972 Words   |  8 PagesInto to International Relations - Adrianna National Interest/Sovereignty Paper Genocide is defined by the United Nations as ...acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group... (UN, 1) While there are many sovereign nations engaged in international politics, only a few engaged (or disengaged) in African politics during the Cold War era. Through realism and liberalism the actions of global leaders and members of the United Nations willRead MoreGenocide : The Rwandan Patriotic Front890 Words   |  4 PagesThe 1990 s was a grim time in history all across the globe, its epicentre being Rwanda. In April of 1994 the Rwandan President Habyarimana was shot down from a plane. In consequence, immediate war was struck and the goal of extermination of the Tutsi was commenced. This genocide was the result of conscious choice of the elite, therefore, president Habyarimana to promote hatred and fear to keep itself in power. Rwanda’s political elite blamed the entire Tutsi minority population for the countr y’sRead MoreThe Conflict Of The Rwandan Genocide2091 Words   |  9 PagesFinding the Right Way to Intervene: Sovereignty Paper In the spring and summer of 1994, Rwanda experienced a genocide that killed hundreds of thousands of innocent people. After seeing the tragedies that took place in Nazi Germany, one would expect the international community to respond quickly and effectively in the case of the Rwandan genocide. However, the killings were largely pushed aside or ignored by the rest of the world, begging the question of when states have the right or duty to betrayRead MoreRwandan Genocide Essay3369 Words   |  14 Pagesinternational relations. These failures are exemplified tragically in the response to the Rwandan genocide in 1994. While the genocide itself reflected internal dynamics, including pre and post-colonial legacies, and economic and political instabilities, the failings of the United Nations and member states, particularly the United States of America and France, in recognizing the atrocity as genocide and responding effectively. As such, the legal and moral shortcomings of the internatio nal systemRead MoreEssay on An Analysis of Sebastiao Salgaldo’s Migrations1711 Words   |  7 Pagesunequal distribution of wealth worldwide and violence associated with human migrations. Specifically, Salgado’s work in Africa is meant to demonstrate the devastation associated with the civil war and subsequent genocide in Rwanda, and raise awareness of the history behind the 1994 crisis (James, 2001). Sebastiao Salgado is an experienced, well traveled, Brazilian photographer who dabbled in economics before finding his calling as a photographer. He got his break in 1980 by shooting 76 picturesRead MoreThe United Nations Is An International Organization Created After World War II1738 Words   |  7 PagesNOORAN discussed the United States/United Nations: â€Å"Basically people like Walter Lippman said back in the 1940s that the United States would use the new Institution â€Å"the United Nations† to expand its interests, there have been many examples of this† (â€Å"Realism on the U.N. 2013,1). The institution’s direction favors those of the world powers. In the 20th century, the U.N. has been effective at now allowing nations to control the balance of power, which allowed ] atrocities to happen in its place. ManyRead MoreThe Cambodian Genocide Essay971 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cambodian Genocide took place from 1975 to 1979 in the Southeastern Asian country of Cambodia. The genocide was a brutal massacre that killed 1.4 to 2.2 million people, about 21% of Cambodia’s population. This essay, will discuss the history of the Cambodian genocide, specifically, what happened, the victims and the perpetrators and the world’s response to the genocide. The Cambodian Genocide has the historical context of the Vietnam War and the country’s own civil war. During the Vietnam WarRead MoreThe Russian-Ukraine Issue1108 Words   |  4 Pagescurrent government. People suffered all 4 years from Janukovichs power and his followers, if not to consider all the 21 years of Ukrainian independence†, these 4 years were just the last stage of anger. Ukraine became the weakest country in Europe during the past weeks. With no president and no organized government, Russian president Vladimir Putin understood that this is the right moment to start his foreign politics issue, as one of his best tactics. According to this background, Ukraine harmed

The Crucible Character Analysis free essay sample

The Ultimate Schemer One of the main characters of the play The Crucible, Abigail Williams, is the most spiteful and least complex character throughout the entire play. She is the villain of the play, even more than Parris or Danforth. She is on the lower end of the social hierarchy; the only people below her were slaves like Tituba. Abigail Williams possess wicked character traits that give her a negative perception. She is a jezebel figure who lacks feelings, an immoral character who lacks ethics and a manipulative person who lacks a conscience. Abigail’s counterpart is a jezebel figure. A jezebel figure is commonly associated with a woman who is regarded as evil and scheming. Abigail’s evil can be seen through her interactions with the other women of the play. For example, she threatens Betty and Mary Warren by saying, â€Å"Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word about the other things and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and i will a pointy reckoning that will shudder you† (The Crucible, Act 1). We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible Character Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition she is scheming because she crafts a plot that send 19 innocent people to their deaths. Her evil and scheming ways undermines the future of the other characters and is only for her selfish gain. Abigail posses an immoral persona and many of her actions are unethical. She wants one thing and one thing only, John Proctor, a married man. She participates in infidelity and constructs a web of lies. She knows that it is a sin to have sex with a married man but continues to proclaim her love for him, â€Å"I will not, i cannot! You loved me, John Proctor, and whatever sin it is you love me yet! † (The Crucible, Act 1). In connection with the infidelity she lies on Elizabeth, Proctor’s wife, and says her spirit stabbed her when in reality she stabbed herself. Similar to her lack of emotions it proves how immoral, unethical, and selfish she really is. Abigail shows a lack of remorse and a conscience because instead of confessing she continues to lie. Moreover she convinces the other girls to lie along with her. She uses her cunning speech and threats to influence the others. For example in the woods she says, â€Å"I want to open myself I want the light of God, I want the sweet love of Jesus! I danced for the Devil; I saw him, I wrote in his book; I go back to Jesus; I kiss his hand. I saw Sarah Good with the Devil! I saw Goody Osburn with the Devil! I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil! † (The Crucible, Act 2). She said this to leave an impression on the others. The others follow her because they are intimidated by her. Abigail never shows any remorse about negatively influencing the others. Abigail’s callous nature stems partially from past trauma; she is an orphan who watched her parents get murdered by Indians. This is still no excuse for her iniquitous actions. Unethical, immoral, and manipulative are perfect adjectives to describe Abigail’s character and in the end she gains nothing. She does not have John Proctor because he is executed and 19 innocent people have died. There are other characters in the play that can be considered villains but she is by far the most evil. She is the ultimate schemer.

International Exchange Rates

International exchange rates are the ones used to exchange a country’s currency with another country’s currency in a particular period of time. Exchange rates influence various monetary systems in different parts of the world. Exchange rates change depending on factors related to demand and supply (Gaspar, 2011, p. 67).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Exchange Rates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, an increase in the demand of goods produced in Japan causes the Yen to appreciate while a decrease in the demand of Japanese goods will make the Yen depreciate. Low rates of inflation in an economy increase the value of the local currency while high rates of inflation in an economy decrease the value of the local currency. High interest rates in an economy increase the value of the local currency due to an increase in the amount of money deposited in banks (Melicher and Norton, 2012, p. 79). Changing exchange rates has a big impact on the amount of revenues a company obtains in a particular market. For instance, a business manager whose firm sells crude oil in the US needs to know the exchange rate of the dollar because a weak dollar will make him obtain crude oil imports at a higher price. Therefore, he/she needs to plan how his firm will withstand risks associated with changing currency rates (Brigham and Davies, 2012, p. 53). Germany, just like several European Union member countries, stopped using the Mark in favor of the euro, more than 10 years ago. The current exchange rate of the US dollar equivalent to the euro is pegged at 1 dollar to 0.76 euro. The current exchange rate of the dollar equivalent to the British pound is pegged at 1 dollar to 0.6553 pound. It is better to produce goods in the United States and ship them to Britain or Germany because most international transactions are pegged on the dollar. Graph showing exchange rate between the dollar and the euro for the last 3 years. Source: www.fxtop.com Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Graph showing exchange rates of the dollar equivalent to the sterling pound for the last 3 years. Source: https://fxtop.com/ The Chinese Yuan is not allowed to float freely in international markets and its use is highly restricted by the Chinese financial authorities. Many Chinese companies which operate internationally prefer to use the dollar instead of the Yuan in their transactions (Scott, 2012). Any firm that invests in the country is in a better position to diversify its foreign currency reserves. This will protect it from risks associated with instabilities in foreign exchange markets. References Brigham, E. F., Davies, P. R. (2012). Intermediate financial management. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Gaspar, J. (2011). Introduction to global business: Understanding the intern ational environment. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Melicher, R. W., Norton, E. A. (2012). Introduction to finance: Markets, investments, and financial management. New York, NY: Wiley. Scott, R. E (2012, August 23). The China toll. Economic Policy Institute Publication. Retrieved from https://www.epi.org/publication/bp345-china-growing-trade-deficit-cost/ This essay on International Exchange Rates was written and submitted by user Kristopher Barr to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Breakdown of the Roman Republic Essay Example

Breakdown of the Roman Republic Essay As Senator Cato the Censor (234-149 BCE) righteously perceived, the Roman Republic was â€Å"not made by any one man, but by many; not in a single lifetime, but over many lifetimes. † (Rodgers 2006, pge. 89) Cato aimed at preserving the mos majorum (â€Å"ancestral custom†), which rejected any new forms of influence that would jeopardies his position as Censor, and the Senates power of ruling authority. ‘He passed measures taxing luxury and strictly revised the lists of persons eligible for the Senate† (www. britannica. om, 2013) The Senate was full of men like Cato, determined not to defy traditional laws and practices. And that’s why it was inevitable for the political system to fail, because their rulers acted only in desire and self-pleasure. Undoubtedly this caused major disturbance to the peasants and farmers of ancient Rome, and resulted in a string of actions instigated by multiple individuals, supported by these communities that weakened the power of the Senate and initiated the breakdown of the Roman Republic. 500BCE is said to be the start of economic, political and cultural breakdown. †¦partly due to the reduction on trade at the end of the monarchy†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Roberts, 2006) The Senate was originally there only as an advisory body, but through wars and international trading, they won absolute power over the republic. The consuls and magistrates still remained, but they had little effect over political change if the Senate refused to pass their laws. The governing system needed to change, the revenues won at war were only divided up against the high-class aristocratic. Leaving the peasants, farmers and soldiers who earned that land nothing.The rich and stubborn males of the Senate became greedy and power hungry, men were elected, but to gain entry, money surpassed power or experience. Yet, no one was willing to give up his privileges in return for an honest functioning state. Sallust (86-35BCE) affirms, â₠¬Å"Fortune turned against us and brought confusion to all we did. Greed destroyed honour, honesty and every other virtue, and taught men to be arrogant and cruel†¦Rome changed: a government which had once surpassed all others in justice and excellence now became cruel and unbearable. † (Ping, n. d)Farming was the ‘back-bone to Roman society’ (Garnsey, 2004) Traditionally, the lands were filled by strong independent farmers who tended to small individual plots of land. Those able to purchase armour would make up the ranks of Roman legionaries. Those that went off to to war would be gone for the majority of the year, and their land often became neglected and dysfunctional. (Flowers, 2004) After the Punic and Macedonian Wars (264-168 BCE), there was a massive influx of slaves captured by the Roman Republic, which according to Livy (45. 34. 6) was up to 150,000 Epirotes.Large landowners running concentrated holdings, or latifundia bought the slaves, (Butler, 2007 ) who took over the small farms when their owners were away at war. For those who remained, debt laws became increasing more expense, to the point where a lot of farmers were moving off their land and migrating into the city to make a living by selling their vote. Author and political scientist Dr. Larry L. Ping (1989) supports this statement by claiming ‘any farmers moved to Rome and live by selling the only thing they could: their vote. ’ Ping has been lecturing history for over 23 years and presents a neutral perspective on the topic.Peter Garnsey, a Professor of History and Cambridge University, corroborates Ping’s information suggesting, ‘The fundamental fact is that the Roman peasants has been forced to make, and would continue to make, enormous sacrifices for the cause of Roman militarism, and that the aristocracy responded by enforcing harsh debt laws, turning them off land, and blocking their reinstatement onto the land. ’ (Garnsey, 2004) Pr ofessor Garnsey has written multiple publications regarding ancient Rome ad tends to favour the peasants when analyzing the relationship between the lower classes and the government.This entire situation is extremely unfair on the farmers of Rome, as the amount of men eligible for the army began to deteriorate. No army, no money. In 133 BCE a tribune by the name of Tiberius Gracchus (164-133 BCE) launched an agrarian land reform that would distribute currently owned public land to the mass of peasants and farmers, in order to increase the number of men eligible for the army. Motivated either by personal gain, or general interest in reviving the peasantry Tiberius approached the Populas Assembly and presented them with the lex agraria (‘land bill’). Bradley, 1990) This action directly threatened the Senates power as traditionally all new reforms went through them. However Tiberius wasn’t breaking any laws by approaching a different governing body, he just started an unsaid war between the Gracchus, the Senate and the peasants and farmers. His mass slaughter in 133BCE led by the senatorial leader Narsica, (Plutarch, 16-20) set the standard for individuals in the future about what would happen to someone if thee went against the Senate.Tiberius’ reform would have allocated land to farmers and part-time soldiers returning from war, which would have been divided up amongst the aristocratic few. There was even a time, when farmers were being moved out of their land and onto another’s, often of lesser quality to there own. As Appian describes the situation with immense sympathy towards the farmers remarking, ‘†¦land was resurveyed some owners were obliged to give up their fruit –trees and farm buildings in exchange for naked ground.Others were transferred from cultivated to uncultivated lands, or swamps, or pools. ’ (Appian, pge. 18) Appian of Alexandria is the most reliable and relevant historian of the repu blican time period. He does however manipulate his sources to support his views of the importance of Alexandria and the virtues of the Romans. Appian is rather unsympathetic towards the ideologies and practices of the republic and thus, shares a different perspective on the farmers and peasants.Ultimately the farmers and peasants were motivated by the actions instigated by the Senate. Their unfair treatment towards the plebs is what fuelled their hatred and dismay, to move into the city and become unemployed. By abandoning their farms and dismantling the deep-set traditional agricultural ways, they lessened the power of the Senate. There was nothing they could do to stop them, without jeopardising their own wealth and power. Thus the actions of the peasants and farmers instigated by Tiberius Gracchus initiated the breakdown of the Roman Republic.

ROLE OF ELECTION COMMISSION IN ENSURING FREE AND FAIR ELECTION AND DET

ROLE OF ELECTION COMMISSION IN ENSURING FREE AND FAIR ELECTION AND DET Research Dissertation On ROLE OF ELECTION COMMISSION IN ENSURING FREE AND FAIR ELECTION AND DETERRENCE OF DISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF CASTE AND RELIGION Submitted to: Amity Institute of Advanced Legal Studies (AIALS), Amity University Uttar Pradesh IN PART FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAWS (LLM) Submitted by: 2014-2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Page No. 1. Chapter-1 Introduction Outline of role of election commission in ensuring free and fair election Theory of State Theory of Democracy Government and Politics in India 2. Chapter-2 Framework of Election Commission of India Electoral system Constitutional status of ECI Reservation in legislative bodies 3. Chapter-3 Legislative Framework Relating to Election Election Process Representation of People Act(Amendment and validation) Bill, 2013 President and Vice-President Act 4. Chapter-4 Election Disputes and Issues Free and Fair Elections Registration of Political Parties MCC- Model Code of Conduct Election Expenditure Election Offences: Penal Laws Anti-Defection Laws Election Petition 5. Chapter-5 Political and Religious Influence on Elections- An Analytical Overview Vote Bank Politics Religious impact on Election Discrimination on the basis of caste its aftermaths 6. Chapter-6 Conclusion and Suggestions Table of cases Bibliography. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 OUTLINE OF ROLE OF ELECTION COMMISSION IN ENSURING FREE AND FAIR ELECTION The Election Commission of India is an independent and self-governing body, established under federal authority. It is responsible for administering all the electoral processes in India. Under the supervision of the commission, free and fair elections have been held in India at regular intervals as per the principles enshrined in the Constitution. The Election Commission has the power of superintendence, direction and control of all elections to the Parliament of India and the State Legislatures and of elections to the office of the President of India and the Vice-President of India. Elections are conducted according to the constitutional provisions and other laws made to that effect by the Parliament. The major laws in this regard are Representation of the People Act, 1950, which mainly deals with the preparation and revision of electoral rolls; the Representation of the People Act, 1951 which deals with all aspects of conduct of election disputes in detail. These disputes include the post-election disputes. The Supreme Court of India has held that where the enacted laws are silent or make insufficient provisions to deal with a given situation in the conduct of elections, the Election Commission has the residuary powers under the Constitution to act in an appropriate manner. One of the most important features of the democratic polity is elections at regular intervals. Holding intervallic free and fair elections are essentials of democratic system. It is a part of the basic structure of the Constitution. The Election Commission is regarded as the guardian of free and fair elections. In every election, it issues a Model code of Conduct for political parties and candidates to conduct elections in a free and fair manner. The Commission issued the code for the first time in 1971 and revised it from time to time. It laid down guidelines for conduct of political parties and manner of candidature during elections. However, there occur instances of violation of code by the political parties and misuse of official machinery by the candidates. The need for such code is in the interest of free and fair elections. However, the code does not have any specific statutory basis. It has only a persuasive effect. It only contains rules of electoral morality". But this lack of statutory backing does not prevent the Commission from enforcing it. A law regarding the registration process for political parties was enacted in 1989 and many parties got registered with the Commission. It was effective in avoiding the confusion of the administrative machinery and the electorate and ensuring that political parties are brought under the purview of the Election Commission. Also, in order to get rid of the growing corrupt influence of money during elections, the Election Commission has made many suggestions in this regard. The Election Commission has fixed the legal limits on the amount of money which a candidate can spend during election campaigns. These limits have been revised from time to time. The other measures have also been taken by the Election Commission in order to ensure free and fair elections. Modern methods such as introduction of EVMs- Electronic Voting Machines, supervision of electoral candidature, etc. are some of the basic steps taken by the Commission so as to develop the process of election on

HR problems negatively impacting on the operations of CGMS Case Study

HR problems negatively impacting on the operations of CGMS - Case Study Example Downsizing and reorganizing the structure of the organization have been figured out as the most viable strategies that can salvage the company from these problems. However, the key strategy is to reorganize the structure of the company since this will help it to be in firm control of its operations. Therefore, it has been recommended that the company should reorganize its structure in order for it to regain its waning status. Introduction Consolidated Global Mining Service (CGMS) is a giant company that deals with offering services related to mining as well as manufacturing of mining equipment. This is an industry leader in this sector but of late it has been facing different HR problems which are likely to threaten its viability in the long run. In order to address these problems, a lasting solution ought to be found and implemented in order to save the organization from crumbling. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to identify the critical problems that are affecting CGMS as well as to identify the strategies that can be implemented in order to solve the issues identified. This report will finally attempt to provide necessary strategies and recommendations that may be implemented in order to address the HR problems identified. ... conflict is related to the issue of downsizing since the company is spending a fortune on paying the interests while the revenue generated is not commensurate with the large size of staff members. The operational costs in terms of labour are higher than the revenue generated by the organisation and this is the reason why a holistic approach ought to be implemented in order to deal with the impending problem that is likely to scuttle the viability of the organization. Careel et al (1995) posits to the effect that the operational costs in terms of managing human capital should not exceed the revenue generated by the company. Such negative development requires the organization to downsize or reorganize its workforce. The other problem is that the organization does not have clearly defined structure. The issue in this case is that the organisational structure and the human resources management structures have to be standardized such that they can meet the demands of the organisation. Whe re there is a clearly defined organizational structure, it can be seen that there are less chances of duplication of duties since everyone is aware of what is expected of him or her in the organization. According to Wener (2007), organizational structure helps the company to define the job tasks to be performed so that the number of employees in an organization can be controlled such that they do not impact on the organization in the long run. One implicit problem bedevilling CGMS is that no one really knows his or her particular type of job description. Everything seems to be informal though the company has a very good reputation of producing the best results in its performance. Jobs need to be described and categorised so that the company can be in a position to achieve optimum results